8. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
 

For details regarding the accounting policy refer to note 5.

For the purposes of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand.

Cash and cash equivalents consist of:   2024
R’000
  2023
R’000
Bank balances   3 310   1 389

For details of cross-surety securities provided, refer to note 11.

Credit quality of cash at bank, excluding cash on hand

The credit quality of cash at bank can be assessed by reference to external credit ratings. External credit ratings disclosed are the latest published credit ratings.

Credit rating (Moody’s)   2024
R’000
  2023
R’000
Ba2 (2023: Ba2)   3 310   1 389

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates their carrying amounts due to being receivable on demand.